What is a significant benefit of using silver (Ag) in orthodontic cement compared to fluoride?

The use of silver (Ag) in orthodontic cement is notable primarily for its antimicrobial properties, which can have significant implications for long-term oral health during orthodontic treatment. Among the options provided, the long-distance effect refers to the ability of silver ions to exert their antimicrobial effects beyond their immediate vicinity due to their mobility in the oral environment. This can help in reducing bacterial colonization around the brackets and wires, which is beneficial for preventing oral infections and improving overall orthodontic outcomes.

Silver's antimicrobial action is not localized; its ions can diffuse through saliva and surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the risk of caries and periodontal issues. This long-distance effect can contribute to improved oral hygiene, as it may lower the overall bacterial load in the mouth, especially in areas that are difficult to clean effectively during orthodontic treatment.

In contrast, while other benefits such as increased adhesion to brackets, lower toxicity, and improved aesthetic appearance are relevant considerations in the selection of orthodontic materials, they do not directly relate to the unique properties that silver offers through its long-distance antimicrobial effects.