Supernumerary teeth are commonly found in which craniofacial disorder?

Supernumerary teeth, or teeth that are in excess of the normal dental formula, are frequently associated with craniofacial disorders, particularly Apert syndrome. This condition is characterized by craniosynostosis, fusion of the skull bones that can affect the shape of the head, and syndactyly, which is the fusion of fingers or toes. In individuals with Apert syndrome, there is an increased prevalence of dental anomalies, including supernumerary teeth, due to the genetic mutations affecting normal dental development during embryogenesis.

The presence of supernumerary teeth in Apert syndrome can be attributed to disruptions in the signaling pathways that guide tooth development. This is less commonly seen in other craniofacial disorders mentioned in the options. While conditions such as Treacher Collins syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Williams syndrome may present various dental and craniofacial anomalies, they do not have the same robust association with supernumerary teeth as seen in Apert syndrome. Therefore, understanding the unique features of these syndromes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics and related fields.