American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Practice Exam

The mechanism by which bisphosphonates work is primarily through their action on osteoclasts. These medications bind to bone tissue and inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, which are the cells responsible for bone resorption. By removing the ruffled border from osteoclasts, bisphosphonates effectively inactivate these cells, leading to a decrease in bone turnover and an increase in bone density over time. This reduction in osteoclast activity helps to prevent bone loss and is particularly beneficial in conditions like osteoporosis and other diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.

Since bisphosphonates do not stimulate new bone growth in the maxilla or act as general anti-inflammatories, these mechanisms are not correctly related to their primary function. Additionally, the enhancement of osteoclast function contradicts the inhibitory role that bisphosphonates have on these cells. Understanding the specific action of bisphosphonates helps in appreciating their therapeutic use in managing bone-related disorders.